The White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is a large, impressive bird of prey that inhabits northern Europe and Asia.

Known for its massive size and striking appearance, it is often mistaken for the American Bald Eagle. This article explores the history, diet, habitat, and conservation efforts that have helped bring this eagle back from the brink of extinction in Europe.

Physical Characteristics

White-tailed Sea Eagles are large birds, ranging from 76 to 100 cm in length, with wingspans between 200 and 250 cm. They weigh between 3.5 and 7.5 kg, with females being larger than males. Their feathers are predominantly brown, with a white tail and yellow beak and feet. Juveniles are darker in color, with their white tails developing as they mature.

Habitat and Distribution

These eagles breed in coastal regions, lakes, and rivers across Europe and parts of Asia. The largest population is in Norway, but they are also found in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland and parts of Ireland, where reintroduction efforts have been successful. Some populations, especially in Siberia, migrate south in the winter.

Diet and Feeding Habits

White-tailed Sea Eagles are opportunistic feeders, primarily eating fish, but also hunting birds, scavenging carrion, and occasionally targeting small mammals. They are skilled hunters and can consume up to 600 grams of food per day during the breeding season, with a reduced intake in winter.

Reproduction and Nesting

White-tailed Sea Eagles reach reproductive maturity at 4 to 5 years of age and form lifelong pairs. They build large nests in tall trees or cliffs, often reusing them for decades. A typical clutch consists of 1 to 3 eggs, with both parents sharing incubation duties. Chicks fledge after 11 to 12 weeks and stay dependent on their parents for food for several months.

Conservation Success

In the mid-20th century, the White-tailed Sea Eagle faced severe population declines due to hunting and habitat loss. However, concerted conservation efforts, including legal protection and habitat restoration, have led to a remarkable recovery. These eagles have been successfully reintroduced to regions where they had previously disappeared.

Final Thoughts: A Conservation Triumph

The recovery of the White-tailed Sea Eagle is a testament to the power of conservation. Once on the brink of extinction in Europe, these majestic birds are now thriving. With continued efforts to protect their habitats, they will continue to soar through the skies for generations to come.

Lykkers, we hope this story of the White-tailed Sea Eagle inspired you! Feel free to share your thoughts below!